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How Does Machine Espresso Work?Machine espresso uses precision pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the coffee we love. But how exactly does it work?Espresso is created by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, however the main difference lies in the pressure.The Head of the GroupThe name implies, the group head is the place you place your portafilter while brewing espresso. It disperses water into the portafilter, and then regulates the pressure during the extraction. There are many different types of group heads each with their own advantages and drawbacks. Some are specifically designed for the stability of temperature while some are designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. Some come with a combination of both, like the E61. This is a preferred choice for baristas since it provides multiple benefits in one package.As you can see in the above photo the head of the group is fitted with several notches. It is possible to place your portafilter into these notches and twist the head to lock it. A gasket of rubber is situated in the notches to create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches permit precise placement of your portafilter. This is crucial for an even extraction.Aside from allowing you to easily insert your portafilter, the group head is also responsible for maintaining an even temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew-basket to ensure the temperature is always right to extract the coffee. It is important to note that even a small variation can mean the difference between a good and a excellent espresso.The PumpThe motorized pumps used in espresso machines rotary provide nine atmospheric bars of pressure required to extract espresso. This differs from manually operated piston machines that employ a lever. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.Pumps are generally cheaper and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both kinds of machines can deteriorate because of frequent use and inadequate cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems and can lead to costly prices for even the most basic models.Some espresso machines use steam pressure instead of a pump to make espresso. This can cause over-extraction because the boiler that produces steam also heats the water until it comes to a boil. These machines also have to constantly rebuild their pressure in between cups. This takes energy and time.A majority of espresso machines utilize an rotary or a vibration pump. A vibration model uses an oscillating disk to create pressure, while a rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a rapid speed. Both machines can make great espresso, but rotary machines are more quiet, durable and less likely to break down.The BoilerThe boiler is what heats the water to the ideal temperature for extraction. The steam created reaches the portafilter, which holds the espresso grounds. It is then pumped into the cup. In this process, the steam causes pressure to push through the coffee grounds. This creates a crema on the top of the espresso. Coffeee UK is one of the hallmarks of a good espresso.There are three kinds of espresso machines, each having different types of pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are a variety of ways to control the brew and the size of cup that can be produced by the machine.The first espresso machines were steam-based. They employed only one boiler to make both steam and brew, however, the pressure they could produce was very low - just two bars of atmospheric pressure at the most. This led to the coffee tasting bitter and burnt. The modern espresso machine was designed by the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.The most popular espresso maker is a semi-automatic one with an electric pump. These are what people imagine when they think of an espresso maker. With a semi-automatic espresso machine, you grind the beans and tamp them yourself but the pump regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and mechanized accuracy.The FilterEspresso machines typically have filters that separate the grounds of the coffee from hot water. The filter is also a vital component of the machine's temperature control, as it prevents overheating.A filter can also help with flavor as it allows for a longer flowering period. This helps the beans release their flavors and provides an opportunity for a better extraction.It is important to remember that even the best filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction process, are still very important.This is where the magic happens, it's the thing that makes an espresso really taste good. The grouphead, often referred to as the brew head, is the place where the portafilter (the thingy you put the coffee ground into) is placed when you're making espresso.In a steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to produce steam, which then pushes the hot water through the grounds under high pressure. These kinds of machines are usually cheaper and easier to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are limited in their capacity to create the perfect brewing conditions because they operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.In recent years, espresso machines powered by a compressed air pump have become increasingly popular. They utilize an air compressor to force hot water into the ground and are more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.