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Maintaining Timber WindowsA well-maintained timber window is a crucial part of the historic fabric of a structure. It reflects in varying levels, the materials and techniques of the time it was constructed, as well as the craftsmanship and architectural taste.When repairs are feasible to existing windows should be carried out in situ. Proprietary resin-based repair systems can be used to fix the most damaged areas of decay without having to remove the entire window.DurabilityThe timber windows in many historic buildings were made to last for centuries. They do require maintenance to ensure they look good. Maintenance tasks include repairs to sash cords as well as tightening the pulleys on sash, and painting. There is a growing need for upgrading timber windows to increase energy efficiency. This may mean replacing old glazing units, repairing existing window rebates, or installing new cills that allow for better air sealing.A key problem with traditional windows is damage caused by corrosion of the paintwork. This is especially true when sash windows are concerned because the gaps between sashes can be very large. In these circumstances water can get into the paint film and cause rotting of the putty as well as the wood underneath. Weather conditions that are not ideal can accelerate the decay. To avoid this windows from becoming rotten, they must be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint that is suitable.Corroded areas should be repaired using resin-based products. This will ensure that the best possible amount of the original fabric remains. It is essential to limit the number of holes that are drilled into the frame in order to allow cable access, because they could let in moisture and cause decay.The wall's structural movement can also lead to deformations in the frame and the sash. This can result in the sash fitting incorrectly and jamming or sticking into the opening, and even broken glass. This is often corrected by fitting new sash frames constructed of slow-grown deal (pine), or oak. The cill should be constructed of a durable hardwood like oak to avoid differential movement between the existing and new work.There are a variety of companies that make Boston pattern wooden sash to fit most existing openings. The sash is available in a range of sizes and finishes to meet the needs of the modern homeowner. The new sash, combined with quadruple draft strip and a better thermal insulation, can make a significant difference to the energy-efficiency of a home.AestheticsMany old timber windows have a high aesthetic value since they usually show, in a particular way, the materials and technology and architectural taste of the period from which they date. They may have significant historical value in their own right. This is particularly true of early unglazed windows in timber-framed buildings, in which the majority were simply a series of openings in frames of structural construction, which were divided horizontally by mullions, and vertically by iron or wood bars in order to keep out invaders.Traditional window joinery made from timber is a beautiful element of a structure and is crucial to keep its appearance. As soon as you notice any signs of decay caused by water penetration it is essential to stop it. It is recommended to do this with thorough painting, particularly if there is damage or degradation. It is best to choose paints that are intended to be used in a set (primer undercoat and finish) and follow the manufacturer's guidelines for preparation and number of coats at each stage.The fungus that causes wet rot can quickly spread in old windows made of timber. To prevent this, get rid of any damaged or rotten parts as promptly as you are able to. The replacement of rotting timber must be done with care using slow grown deal (pine) and, wherever possible, the same species as which is being removed to prevent any movement differences between the new section and the existing timbers.Glass became less expensive and more abundant during the late medieval period and into the 17th century. As a result, the openings for glazed windows on timber-framed houses were more elaborate, with moulded mullions, tracery made of wood and deep projecting cills. Increasingly, the glazing was placed within frames with rebates and pinned in with 'glazing sprigs' rather than into lead cames. This method of glazing not only makes windows less likely to leak and break, but also allows larger sheets of glass to be utilized than would have been possible without the use of led lights.Energy efficiencyThe traditional timber windows are energy efficient due to their thickness and multilayer construction, as well as their focus on detail. They also have large glass areas and deep projecting cills that reduce air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draughtproofing windows can be upgraded to increase their energy efficiency. It is essential to remember that these measures need to be considered when it comes to the overall integrity and appearance of the original windows.It makes sense to repair or upgrade existing windows, rather than replacing them, particularly when improvements in thermal efficiency can be achieved through simple repairs. Older windows typically have an historic value that shows a variety of technological advances and changes in architectural style. The pressures to replace such windows are generally based on the assumption that the old windows will need replacement in the near future, but most are still capable of serving for 150, 200 or even 250 years if properly maintained.It is important to recognize that decay problems with traditional timber windows are preventable by timely and thorough repairs. Additionally, window maintenance is essential to spot damp penetration issues and to remedy them quickly to avoid major damage. Early paint deterioration is a concern because it allows moisture to penetrate into the wood, which can cause wet rot. This type of damage is typically not evident until the paintwork is cracking or wavy, but can cause significant structural damage and can lead to further decay.A good paint will block moisture penetration. It is also necessary to keep the paintwork clean in order to prevent condensation and the growth of mould. The use of modern synthetic paints can be problematic, as they are often designed to be water-resistant and this may lead to the formation of mildew in the window frame.The majority of older windows were made from timber that contained the majority of sapwood. These timbers can deteriorate quickly when exposed to rain, however they can be protected by a thorough preservation treatment before use. It is important to choose the right kind of wood for your location and climate, as these variables can affect the longevity of the joinery. Local window manufacturers have an array of sash timbers that can be adapted to fit historical openings. They can be constructed according to the standard Boston pattern dimensions or to custom dimensions that are compatible with historic buildings.MaintenanceThe life of timber windows can be extended significantly through regular inspections as well as a careful redecoration and prompt repair. The major cause of decay is the penetration of moisture through deteriorated paint and putty. This can be prevented by using a quality wood preservative and painting the wood thoroughly.Repairs to sash windows that are old and window frames made of casement should be done with care and with the least amount of disruption. Repairs can be made to many traditional timber window designs without taking the frame off. This should be done as often as is feasible. Paint that is peeling or loose should be removed with care and sanded lightly to improve the "key" of the surface, allowing for an improved adhesion of the new coating. It is crucial to avoid removing old paint layers that may have historical value.When a section of wood has rotted, the best solution is to remove it and replace it with timber inserts shaped to match the existing profiles. The wood that is being inserted should be treated with a wood preservative, and the junction between the timber cill and the sub-cill of the masonry should be sealed.It's tempting to replace traditional windows with PVC U, particularly when the installer provides an all-in-one installation that includes both removal and replacement in one day. However, it is essential that the person installing replacement windows has a full knowledge of the structure and history of traditional wooden frames. This will allow them to make the appropriate suggestions for energy efficiency improvements and other technological advancements that won't alter the appearance of a historic building. Window replacements should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme such as FENSA. This will ensure the replacements are deemed to be approved by the Building Regulations as a suitable alternative. A skilled carpenter can put in PVC-u Windows that are sympathetic to original building's character. This is particularly relevant when windows are located within conservation areas or listed buildings.