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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and ExcelsaIf you're a lover of coffee you're likely to know that different kinds of beans have distinct flavor profiles. Learn more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile and are frequently used in blends of coffee to add depth.ArabicaArabica is the world's most popular coffee accounting for 75% of all global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta and come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee may vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing methods used to produce it.The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that develop inside bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly all over the world.Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best-tasting type of coffee.Many specialty coffee roasters and shops focus on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique specialty coffees that are suitable for many methods of brewing. Blending can control the aroma, taste, body and acidity of coffee. It is usually used to create a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals to a broad market.RobustaRobusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean grown in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee brewing and produce undesirable flavors.The plant is more durable than the arabica and is able to grow in less favorable environments. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.While it may seem counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's some Robusta in there as well.While some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority use a mix of the two varieties in order to cut costs and preserve quality. In order to preserve the quality of the flavor, it is essential to select a top-quality bean from a supplier you trust. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer.LibericaLiberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other varieties of coffee beans. They are characterized by a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are often added to other bean varieties to provide the fuller, more robust flavor.Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes, and they can tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. On the internet, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers in order to ensure high-quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils with a moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered to be a separate species but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans are grown on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends in the home. They are also less heavy on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have a distinctive taste.ExcelsaAlthough they're the fourth most coveted type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. In fact, they were considered an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped in the shape of a teardrop and have a dark, mysterious taste. They are often blended to add extra body and a rich tart, ripe fruit flavor.Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates and high altitudes. They have a little acidity. If properly brewed and roasted, Coffeee can have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.Robusta is the second most-loved coffee in the world, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed in the world. These beans are smaller and rounder, but have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two varieties and have a woody, earthy taste.After having learned about the four most popular varieties and their characteristics, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you're looking for a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.