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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and ExcelsaYou probably already know that different varieties can produce distinct flavors. Read on to learn about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter flavor profile, and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.ArabicaArabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide and accounts for 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee may vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and methods of processing used to make it.The word "coffee" derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were stimulated by eating these berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly across the globe.Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are capable of thriving when exposed to cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the best tasting kind of coffee.Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethically sourced arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique coffees that can be used in many methods of brewing. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee and is frequently preferred to achieve a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.RobustaRobusta beans are the second-most popular kind of coffee bean around the world. bulk coffee beans contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants found naturally. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors.The plant is more durable than the arabica and is able to grow in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a efficient crop to grow.Although it may sound contradictory, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible there's also some robusta.The majority of roasters utilize a mix of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and ensure the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor it is recommended to select an excellent bean from a reliable source. This can be accomplished by purchasing the beans directly from farmers.LibericaLiberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other coffee beans to give an extra, stronger flavor.Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and can withstand hot, humid climates. They also have a much better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.These attributes make them ideal to grow at home. Online, you can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it is recommended to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH, and adequate annual rainfall.Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered to be a separate species but is now classified as an alternative to Liberica. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and are found on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They are also lighter on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta, but still possess a unique depth of flavor.ExcelsaExcelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. The beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape, and a dark, mysterious flavor. They are often blended to add body and a rich tart, ripe fruit taste.Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in warm, tropical climates and at high altitudes. They are slightly acidic. If properly roasted and brewed they may have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.Robusta is the second most adored coffee in the world and accounts for about 40% of all coffee consumed globally. These beans are smaller and more round however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.Once you've mastered the four most common types of coffee beans now is the time to pick your ideal coffee. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor pick an arabica, or a blend consisting of robusta and arabica beans.