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Mesothelioma and AsbestosAsbestos is a natural mineral that comes in long, thin fibres. People who are exposed to asbestos are at risk of developing lung diseases such as mesothelioma.It can take years for symptoms to appear after asbestos exposure. Different types of asbestos may cause different symptoms.Pleural MesotheliomaPleural mesothelioma is a cancer that occurs in the lung's outer liner (pleura). It is the most prevalent mesothelioma type, accounting for up between 70 and 79% of all diagnosed cases. The condition can cause chest pain, shortness of breathe, and a feeling of weightiness.Exposure to asbestos, a group of minerals composed of microscopic fibers, usually causes this kind of cancer. Once inhaled, the fibers are absorbed into the lungs and cause irritation that causes scarring and DNA mutations. Pleura surrounds both the chest cavity and the lungs, and so irritations can also affect the heart. Mesothelioma symptoms typically don't show until 30 to 50 years after exposure.Shortness of breath and chest pain are the most frequent symptoms. Patients may also feel tightness in their chest and coughing, or breathing difficulties. People with this cancer often have previous exposure to asbestos in the workplace. The most frequent jobs that expose people to the risk of developing pleural cancer are manufacturing, construction, and shipbuilding. Individuals who have served in the military are at greater risk due to the frequent use of asbestos in Navy vessels and Army bunkers.The TNM (tumors lymph nodes, tumors, and metastases staging system) is the most common staging system for the pleural cancer. The stage the patient is in at the time of diagnosis will help determine the treatment plan they should receive. Patients with pleural mesothelioma that is in stage three or stage four will have a worse prognosis compared to those in a lower stage. Stage four mesothelioma often spreads to the diaphragm, the liver or even a person's heart. This can make it more difficult to treat and raises the chance of complications for patients.Peritoneal MesotheliomaIn contrast to pleural mesothelioma which develops in the lung lining, peritoneal mesothelioma develops in the peritoneum - a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and organs such as the liver and intestines. oklahoma asbestos attorney to pleural mesothelioma and peritoneal mesothelioma is triggered by asbestos exposure. There are only 300-500 cases diagnosed each year, which is less than the pleural asbestosis.As with pleural asbestosis symptoms can take several years to manifest. Patients generally experience abdominal pain, and may also have a lump in their abdomen. Symptoms of this type of mesothelioma can also include nausea or weight loss, as well as fever. Many of these symptoms can be mistaken for gastrointestinal problems and can lead to a false diagnosis.Generally, doctors can find mesothelioma by conducting a thorough health history and physical exam. They can also utilize imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans and PET/CT scans to help find mesothelioma. These tests can detect tumors and other cancer signs that aren't visible on X-rays.These tests enable doctors to diagnose mesothelioma, identify the stage and suggest treatment options. The stage is determined by the type of cell and whether the tumor has spread.The most significant mesothelioma risk factor is asbestos exposure. People who have worked in professions that involve asbestos, like plumbing manufacturing, electrical work or construction, are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Even if someone is not employed in one of these fields, he or she can still be exposed to asbestos through family members and other sources. Anyone who believes they are at risk should speak with a doctor. If they have a history of asbestos exposure, a mesothelioma specialist can help them find out more about the risk.Risk FactorsAsbestos is the main risk factor in mesothelioma. It accounts for up to the 80% of cases. Exposure to asbestos may occur through work, military service, or living with those who worked with asbestos. Asbestos particles can be breathed in by people who are exposed to asbestos. These particles can cause irritation to the linings, causing cancerous cells to form in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma can take between 15 and 60 years to develop after exposure to asbestos.Other risk factors include smoking, genetics, and age. People in their 40s and 50s are more likely be diagnosed with mesothelioma compared to those who are younger or more senior. Mesothelioma can take between 20 and 60 years before it manifests cancer symptoms after the first exposure. It is important to remember that mesothelioma may be present in those who have been exposed to asbestos, but without having worked with it directly. This is called secondary or indirect exposure to asbestos. It could be as hazardous as direct exposure.Smoking can increase the likelihood of getting mesothelioma because it causes mesothelium damage and makes it more prone to asbestos. Mesothelioma can also be aggravated by certain illnesses such as asbestosis and pneumonia. It is also important to remember that mesothelioma is more common in men than women. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for a longer time and to work with it. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who been exposed to asbestos, and to have asbestos-containing fibers on their clothing. Women tend to have less contact with asbestos and don't typically carry asbestos around on their clothes.DiagnosisMesothelioma is a difficult cancer to identify because the symptoms can be similar to other conditions. This can lead to victims being incorrectly diagnosed.The first step in diagnosing mesothelioma is for NYU Langone doctors to perform an examination of the body and take notes on the medical history of a patient which includes asbestos exposure. Doctors may also request a CT scan or chest X-ray to look for lumps, abnormalities and evidence of asbestos exposure. These include plaques in the pleura, thickened pleura and calcium deposits.Other diagnostic tests include an echocardiogram which examines the heart and blood vessels as well as a magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, test, which uses magnets and radio waves to create precise images of the inside of the body. A surgical biopsy is yet another way for doctors to diagnose mesothelioma. In a surgical biopsy doctors take a small amount of tissue from the pleura or peritoneum for further testing. A pathologist can then examine the tissue with microscopes to determine whether it contains cancerous cells.The mesothelial type involved as well as the benign or malignant nature of those cells, as well as the location the cancer, its type and the stage of the tumour, are used to classify the disease. Certain types of mesothelioma may be more likely to spread or metastasize and spread, therefore it is essential to establish a definitive diagnosis so that doctors can treat the disease before it goes out of control.Doctors may also conduct laboratory tests on tumors to identify specific genes, proteins or other elements that will help them identify cancer characteristics and determine the best treatment. These results are known as staging.TreatmentA mesothelioma diagnosis can be terrifying. It is crucial to remember, however, that cancer can be treated particularly in its early stages. Many people with mesothelioma can endure the disease for a long time, without spreading.Asbestos exposure can trigger mesothelioma via various mechanisms. Asbestos fibers, which are too small to detect or feel with the naked eye, can become airborne and irritate the lining of the lungs (pleura). In time the irritation can lead to the formation of scar tissues, which eventually lead to tumors.The pleura surrounds the heart and lungs and the abdomen. Mesothelium is composed of cells that react to exposure to asbestos, causing it to inflame and create scar tissue. In time, these changes can lead to the development of malignant mesothelioma cancers.The signs of pleural mesothelioma can include shortness of breath and chest pain as well as a buildup of fluid on the lungs (pleural effusion). In rare instances cancer can spread to the tissues that surround the reproductive organs as well as the heart.A doctor may request biopsy if scans reveal a possible lung tumor or stomach. During the procedure, doctors will remove tiny amounts of tumor or fluid for lab tests. The results will confirm a mesothelioma diagnosis and determine the best treatment option.There are a variety of mesothelioma treatment, which include chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. The majority of doctors use an amalgamation of these techniques. Participating in clinical trials of new mesothelioma treatment may also be beneficial for patients. Patients can learn more by speaking with a mesothelioma doctor who has treated the disease.